The Government of the United States of America, the Government of the Republic of Belarus, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Government of the Russian Federation, and the Government of Ukraine, hereinafter referred to as the Parties,

In accordance with the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms of July 31, 1991, hereinafter referred to as the Treaty,

To improve the viability and effectiveness of the Protocol on Inspections and Continuous Monitoring Activities Relating to the Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Inspection Protocol,

Have agreed as follows:

1. Subparagraph 4(c) of Subsection A of Section I of Annex 8 to the Inspection Protocol shall be superseded by the following provisions:

"(c) Set of radiation detection equipment consisting of the following:
(i) 2 Neutron detectors, Sandia National Laboratory design, He-3-based, polyethylene-moderated, including preamplifiers with signal/power cables, counting time - 150 seconds;

(ii) 2 Electronic counters, Eberline, Model ESP-2 modified, with instruction manual;

(iii) 10 Plastic bags for weather protection;

(iv) 1 Americium-241-Lithium neutron source for calibration, emitting approximately 3000 neutrons per second, precalibrated by the inspecting Party;

(v) 1 Tool kit, Jensen Tools, Model JTK-6;

(vi) 30 Spare batteries, miscellaneous, sizes C and D;

(vii) l Stand for neutron detector;

(viii) l Measuring tape;

(ix) 2 Battery-powered lights, Maglight, Model ML-2;

(x) 3 Programmable calculators, Hewlett-Packard, Model HP-27s, with instruction manual;

(xi) 2 Thermometers;

(xii) 1 Stand for calibration source; and

(xiii) 4 Operating instruction manuals, two in English and two in Russian."

2. Subparagraph 4(b) of Subsection B of Section I of Annex 8 to the Inspection Protocol shall be superseded by the following provisions:

"(b) Set of SRPN 3 or SRPN 6 radiation detection equipment of the Russian Federation consisting of the following:
(i) 2 Neutron detectors, including preamplifiers with signal/power cables, manufactured by NIIIT, Model SRPN 3.01.000, counting time - 1000 seconds, or Model SRPN 6.02.000, counting time - 150 seconds;

(ii) 2 Registering devices, manufactured by NIIIT, Model SRPN 3.03.000 or SRPN 6.01.000;

(iii) 1 Americium-241-Lithium neutron source for calibration, emitting approximately 3000 neutrons per second, precalibrated by the inspecting Party;

(iv) 1 Charging unit, manufactured by NIIIT, Model SE-387 or SE-408;

(v) 2 Spare rechargeable batteries, Model 10NKGTs-1D;

(vi) 2 Measuring tapes;

(vii) 2 Battery-powered lights;

(viii) 2 Stands for neutron detectors;

(ix) 2 Calculators, Casio, Model FX-120;

(x) 1 Stand for calibration source; and

(xi) 4 Operating instruction manuals, two in English and two in Russian."

l. Paragraphs 3 and 4 of Subsection F of Section VI of Annex 8 to the Inspection Protocol shall be superseded by the following provisions:

"3. Before conducting measuring procedures using radiation detection equipment, inspectors and the in-country escort shall have the right to confirm the operability of the radiation detection equipment, using the following procedures:
(a) For radiation detection equipment used pursuant to this paragraph, the counting time of each individual measurement shall be the counting time specified in subparagraph 4(c) of Subsection A or subparagraph 4(b) of Subsection B of Section I of this Annex for the neutron detectors in the sets of radiation detection equipment of the United States of America or the Russian Federation, respectively.

(b) The operability of each neutron detector in a set of radiation detection equipment shall be confirmed.

(c) The neutron detector shall be placed in a mutually agreed location.

(d) The inspecting Party shall take two background measurements with the calibration source at least three meters from the neutron detector. If the difference between these two measurements is less than or equal to 30 percent of their average, the average of these measurements shall be recorded as the average background value for the operability check. If the difference between these two background measurements is greater than 30 percent of their average, a third background measurement shall be taken. The third background measurement shall be compared with the previously taken background measurement that is closest to the third background measurement. If the difference between the third background measurement and the closest previous background measurement is less than or equal to 30 percent of the average of these two measurements, the average of these two measurements shall be recorded as the average background value for the operability check. Otherwise, the results of all three background measurements shall be recorded and the radiation detection equipment shall not be accepted as operable.

(e) With the neutron detector in the same location used for the background measurements taken in accordance with subparagraph (c) of this paragraph, the inspecting Party shall place the calibration source in contact with the neutron detector at the center of the detector's sensitive area as indicated by the markings on the neutron detector.

(f) The inspecting Party shall take two calibration measurements of the radiation level from the calibration source. The average of these two calibration measurements shall be recorded as the average value of the calibration measurement.

(g) The following values shall be calculated:

(i) the calculated calibration value, which is the difference between the average value of the calibration measurement determined in accordance with subparagraph (f) of this paragraph and the average background value determined in accordance with subparagraph (d) of this paragraph;

(ii) the product of the counting time for each measurement and the equivalent flux of the calibration source, which is a fixed value indicated on the calibration source; and

(iii) the sensitivity of the neutron detector, which is the ratio of the values obtained in accordance with subparagraphs (g)(i) and (g)(ii) of this paragraph.

(h) The radiation detection equipment shall be accepted as operable, provided:

(i) the difference between the two calibration measurements taken in accordance with subparagraph (f) of this paragraph is less than or equal to 30 percent of the average value of the calibration measurement; and

(ii) the difference between the value of the sensitivity of the neutron detector, determined in accordance with subparagraph (g)(iii) of this paragraph, and the laboratory value of the sensitivity of the neutron detector, as recorded on the neutron detector, is less than or equal to 15 percent of the average of these two sensitivity values.

(i) The results of the measurements obtained in accordance with subparagraphs (d) and (f) of this paragraph shall be recorded either in the inspection report or in a form, agreed upon by the Parties, used to record the confirmation of the operability of the radiation detection equipment at the point of entry.

4. The inspecting Party, prior to beginning to use its radiation detection equipment during the first inspection conducted with the use of radiation detection equipment, shall deliver to the inspected Party, for purchase or examination by the inspected Party, one of each of the items in the sets of radiation detection equipment specified in subparagraph 4(c) of Subsection A or subparagraph 4(b) of Subsection B of Section I of this Annex, for each model, except for the calibration source. No later than 30 days after the inspected Party has received such items of radiation detection equipment, the inspected Party shall inform the inspecting Party whether the inspecting Party is permitted to use during inspections such radiation detection equipment. Until permission for the use of such radiation detection equipment is given by the inspected Party, the inspecting Party shall not bring to a point of entry on the territory of the inspected Party other radiation detection equipment."

2. The following provisions shall constitute paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 of Subsection F of Section VI of Annex 8 to the Inspection Protocol:

"5. For points of entry associated with inspection sites at which radiation detection equipment may be used, the inspecting Party shall bring to each such point of entry on the territory of the inspected Party for use during inspections, at times agreed upon with the inspected Party, no less than one set of radiation detection equipment.
(a) Except as provided for in paragraphs 6 and 7 of this Subsection, each such set of radiation detection equipment shall be subject to examination and stored at the point of entry in accordance with the procedures provided for in this paragraph.

(b) The examination of such sets of radiation detection equipment shall be completed no later than five days after the date when these sets of radiation detection equipment are brought to the point of entry. During the examination of the radiation detection equipment, the inspected Party shall be permitted, in the presence of the inspecting Party, to partially disassemble such equipment and examine it using non-damaging methods. Such examination must not impair the capability of the radiation detection equipment to perform functions connected with the inspection requirements under the Treaty. Upon completion of the examination and prior to departure from the point of entry, the inspecting Party shall have the right to confirm the operability of the radiation detection equipment in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Subsection in order to establish that its capability to perform functions connected with the inspection requirements under the Treaty has not been impaired as a result of the examination of such radiation detection equipment by the inspected Party.

(c) Upon completion of the examination, the sets of radiation detection equipment shall be stored at the point of entry in tamper-proof containers provided by the inspecting Party, and shall be located within a secure structure or room in accordance with paragraph 14 of Section V of this Protocol. No more than three sets of radiation detection equipment shall be stored at each point of entry associated with inspection sites at which radiation detection equipment may be used.

(d) The procedures for delivering radiation detection equipment for examination and storage at points of entry, transportation and arrangements for the stay of technical experts delivering and supporting the examination of such equipment on the territory of the inspected Party, and reimbursement of associated costs shall be subject to agreement.

6. For an inspection conducted pursuant to paragraph 2, 3 or 4 of Article XI of the Treaty, an inspection team shall be permitted to bring to a point of entry calibration sources that are part of the sets of radiation detection equipment stored at the point of entry, replacement spare batteries and rechargeable batteries, as well as an additional set of radiation detection equipment. All such equipment brought to the point of entry shall be subject to examination in accordance with paragraph 8 of Section V of this Protocol.

7. For an inspection conducted pursuant to paragraph 2, 3 or 4 of Article XI of the Treaty, the inspection team, upon arrival at the point of entry, shall have the right, in the presence of the in-country escort, to examine the tamper-proof containers in which the radiation detection equipment is stored and the radiation detection equipment in such containers. The inspection team shall have the right to select one set of radiation detection equipment for use during the inspection from among the sets of such equipment stored at the point of entry in accordance with subparagraph 5(c) of this Subsection or an additional set of radiation detection equipment brought to the point of entry by the inspection team, and to confirm its operability in accordance with the procedures provided for in paragraph 3 of this Subsection, for no more than four hours.

(a) If the inspection team determines that the containers for at least one of the sets of radiation detection equipment have not been tampered with, and that the set of radiation detection equipment contained in such containers is operable in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Subsection, then such a set of radiation detection equipment shall be used in conducting the inspection.

(b) If either the inspection team or the in-country escort determines that the containers for all the sets of radiation detection equipment have been tampered with, the inspection team shall have the right to use an additional set of radiation detection equipment brought to the point of entry by the inspection team and examined in accordance with paragraph 8 of Section V of this Protocol, the operability of which has been confirmed in accordance with the procedures provided for in paragraph 3 of this Subsection, in conducting the inspection.

(c) For containers that have not been tampered with, if either the inspection team or the in-country escort determines that all the sets of radiation detection equipment stored in such containers are not operable, the inspection team shall have the right to use an additional set of radiation detection equipment brought to the point of entry by the inspection team in conducting the inspection. In this case, the date and time for the designation of the inspection site and the type of inspection pursuant to paragraph 4 of Section III of this Protocol shall be delayed, if necessary, until the in-country escort has completed its examination of such radiation detection equipment using the procedures provided for in paragraph 5 of this Subsection, and the inspection team has confirmed the operability of such radiation detection equipment in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Subsection. In no case shall such delay exceed 12 hours or require the inspection team to delay the date and time for the designation of the inspection site and type of inspection beyond the time limit specified in paragraph 4 of Section III of this Protocol for the type of inspection being conducted.

(d) If there are no signs that the containers have been tampered with and any set of radiation detection equipment stored in such containers is not operable, the inspecting Party shall return such a set or sets of radiation detection equipment and associated containers to the territory of the inspecting Party. The inspecting Party shall inform the inspected Party of the cause of the malfunction and measures taken to preclude such malfunctions in the future.

(e) If an additional set of radiation detection equipment is brought to the point of entry by the inspection team and is not used in conducting the inspection, such radiation detection equipment shall be stored at the point of entry in tamper-proof containers and removed from the territory of the inspected Party by the inspection team when it leaves the territory of the inspected Party.

(f) In all cases, only one set of radiation detection equipment whose operability has been confirmed in accordance with the procedures provided for in paragraph 3 of this Subsection shall be used during an inspection.

8. For an inspection conducted pursuant to paragraph 4 or 5 of Section IV of Annex 4 to this Protocol, radiation detection equipment shall be used in accordance with the following procedures:

(a) The counting time of each individual measurement shall be the counting time specified in subparagraph 4(c) of Subsection A or subparagraph 4(b) of Subsection B of Section I of this Annex for the neutron detectors in the sets of radiation detection equipment of the United States of America or the Russian Federation, respectively.

(b) The inspection team shall have the right to observe the use of the radiation detection equipment to confirm that the procedures set forth in this paragraph are followed.

(c) After arrival at the inspection site, prior to conducting radiation measurements the inspection team shall confirm, in accordance with the procedures provided for in paragraph 3 of this Subsection, that at least one neutron detector in the set of radiation detection equipment is operable. If the inspection team is unable to confirm the operability of at least one neutron detector, this fact shall be recorded in the inspection report and the inspection shall proceed without the use of radiation detection equipment.

(d) Measurements of radiation levels, in accordance with subparagraphs (f) and (g) of this paragraph, of the object designated by the inspection team for radiation measurements shall be taken at the location selected for that purpose by the in-country escort, using a neutron detector whose operability has been confirmed pursuant to subparagraph (c) of this paragraph.

(e) Background measurements shall be taken by the in-country escort no less than ten meters from the object designated by the inspection team for radiation measurements. Such background measurements shall be taken in accordance with the following procedures:

(i) The inspection team shall identify to the in-country escort the front surface of the neutron detector that will be directed toward the object designated for measurement of the radiation level. The front surface of the neutron detector shall be positioned vertically, at approximately the same height at which measurements on the designated object will be taken.

(ii) Two background measurements shall be taken. The average of these two measurements shall be calculated and recorded in the inspection report as the average background value.

(iii) If the average background value is greater than 450 counts, another location for taking the background measurements shall be selected by the in-country escort. Background measurements shall be taken until an average background value is obtained that is less than 450 counts at a selected location.

(iv) The square root of the average background value shall be calculated to two decimal places and the result multiplied by four. This number shall be added to the average background value and the result shall be rounded up to the higher whole number. This number shall be recorded in the inspection report as the comparison number to be used in subparagraph (f) of this paragraph.

(f) For an inspection conducted pursuant to paragraph 4 or subparagraph 5(c) of Section IV of Annex 4 to this Protocol, the following procedures shall be used:

(i) The inspection team shall select no more than four points along the length of the ALCM or container at which radiation measurements will be taken. A description of the ALCM or container shall be recorded as a diagram in the inspection report. The approximate dimensions of the ALCM or container, and the approximate location of each measurement point, shall be indicated on this diagram.

(ii) The in-country escort shall position the neutron detector in a location specified by the inspection team, no less than seven centimeters and no greater than two meters from the surface of the ALCM or container, with a maximum permissible deviation from these established distances not to exceed 20 percent, so that the neutron detector is at the same level as the point where the measurement will be taken, with the front surface of the neutron detector facing the point on the ALCM or container where the measurement will be taken.

(iii) The in-country escort shall take two measurements of the radiation level at each selected point. The average of the two measurements shall be calculated, and if not a whole number, shall be rounded up to the higher whole number. This average shall be recorded in the inspection report as the average measurement at that point.

(iv) If the average measurement of the radiation level at each selected point is less than or equal to the comparison number calculated in accordance with subparagraph (e)(iv) of this paragraph, the ALCM or container shall not be subject to further inspection.

(v) If the average measurement of the radiation level at any of the four selected points is greater than the comparison number calculated in accordance with subparagraph (e)(iv) of this paragraph, this fact shall be recorded in the inspection report and the ALCM or container shall be subject to further inspection in accordance with subparagraph 4(a)(ii) or subparagraph 4(b)(iii) of Section IV of Annex 4 to this Protocol, as applicable.

(g) To confirm, pursuant to subparagraph 5(c) of Section IV of Annex 4 to this Protocol, that a container does not conceal the presence of radiation, the following procedures shall be used:

(i) The inspection team shall select no more than four points on the container wall at which radiation measurements will be taken for the purpose of measuring the radiation shielding effect. A description of the container shall be recorded as a diagram in the inspection report. The approximate dimensions of the container and the approximate location of each measurement point shall be indicated on this diagram.

(ii) The in-country escort shall open the container and place the calibration source on its stand inside the container on the longitudinal axis of the container. The neutron detector shall be placed outside the container in a location specified by the inspection team, no less than seven centimeters and no greater than two meters from the surface of the container, with a maximum permissible deviation from established distances not to exceed 20 percent. The calibration source and neutron detector shall be placed on a horizontal straight line that passes through the center of the calibration source and the center of the neutron detector, that lies on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the container, and that intersects the wall of the container at the selected point on the container. The distance between the center of the calibration source and the center of the neutron detector shall be recorded in the inspection report. The front surface of the neutron detector shall face the selected point.

(iii) The in-country escort shall take two measurements of the radiation level at each selected point on the container. The container shall remain closed during measurements of the radiation level. The average of the two measurements shall be calculated. The average background value, calculated in accordance with subparagraph (e)(ii) of this paragraph, shall be subtracted from this average. The result shall be recorded in the inspection report as the net average value of radiation obtained when the calibration source is placed inside the container at that point.

(iv) The procedures provided for in subparagraphs (g)(ii) and (g)(iii) of this paragraph shall be repeated until measurements have been taken at all the points on the container selected by the inspection team, and the results have been recorded in the inspection report.

(v) The calibration source shall be removed from the container and the neutron detector repositioned no less than two meters from the container with its front surface no longer facing the container.

(vi) The in-country escort shall position the calibration source in front of the front surface of the neutron detector so that the distance between the front surface of the neutron detector and the calibration source is the same distance, within three percent, as that used for one of the measurements taken pursuant to subparagraph (g)(iii) of this paragraph. No objects that could interfere with the flow of neutrons to the neutron detector shall be located near the calibration source or the neutron detector.

(vii) The in-country escort shall take two measurements of the radiation level with the calibration source and the neutron detector positioned in accordance with subparagraphs (g)(v) and (g)(vi) of this paragraph. The average of the two measurements shall be calculated. The average background value calculated in accordance with subparagraph (e)(ii) of this paragraph shall be subtracted from this average. The result shall be recorded in the inspection report as the net average value of radiation obtained when the calibration source is placed outside the container at the distance used pursuant to subparagraph (g)(vi) of this paragraph.

(viii) The procedures provided for in subparagraphs (g)(vi) and (g)(vii) of this paragraph shall be repeated for each distance between the calibration source and the neutron detector used for the measurements of the radiation level taken pursuant to subparagraph (g)(iii) of this paragraph.

(ix) For each point on the container, calculations shall be carried out, in which the net average value of the radiation level obtained pursuant to subparagraph (g)(iii) when the calibration source is placed inside the container is divided by the corresponding net average value of the radiation level obtained pursuant to subparagraph (g)(vii) when the calibration source is placed outside the container. The division shall be carried out to two decimal places. If the result of the division with respect to any point is less than 0.5, this fact shall be recorded in the inspection report.

(x) For containers of long-range non-nuclear ALCMs of a type for which a notification has been provided in accordance with Section VII of the Notification Protocol, if either the width or the diameter of such containers exceeds 190 centimeters, the Parties shall agree, within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission, on procedures for the placement of the neutron detector and the calibration source with respect to such containers."

Subparagraph 5(d) of Section IV of Annex 4 to the Inspection Protocol shall be superseded by the following provision:

"(d) If, by making such measurements, inspectors are unable to confirm that the contents of the container are not a long-range nuclear ALCM, or that such a container does not conceal the presence of radiation, they shall record their findings in the inspection report. A member of the in-country escort shall, at the request of the inspectors, photograph the contents of the container or the container, in accordance with the procedures provided for in paragraph 27 of Section VI of this Protocol."

This Agreement shall enter into force on the date of entry into force of the Treaty, and shall remain in force as long as the Treaty remains in force.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.

DONE at Geneva on November 3, 1994, in five copies, each in the English and Russian languages, both texts being equally authentic.

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
Steven Steiner

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS:
Andrey Sannikov

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN:
Kairtay Zhanbatyrov

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION:
Mikhail Strel'tsov

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF UKRAINE:
Konstantin Hrishchenko